Outline for a mass communication written task Essay

In 2008 an attack ad, titled ‘Vote Different’ appeared on YouTube, persuading voters to vote for Barack Obama instead of Hillary Clinton in the primary elections. Without a doubt this ad influenced the way many voters voted. By making use of allusion and by borrowing from other texts, it successfully made voters vote differently. As a result Hillary Clinton lost in the primary elections to Barack Obama. The attack ad ‘vote different’ depicts a large group of prisoners, sitting in neat rows, watching a large screen. On the screen one sees Hillary Clinton talking about how she would like to listen to her audience and engage in a dialogue with them. Her words are very ironic, since the audience is not able to participate in the discussion. This is the first indication that we are meant to be critical of her words. Secondly, the camera switches to another woman, an athlete who has broken past the prison guards to enter the theatre where the prisoners sit. She is running with a sledgehammer. While all of the images are dark and grey, she seems to bear the only sign of color with her red shorts. On her shirt is the campaign logo of Barack Obama. She hurls the hammer towards the screen, resulting in a burst of light that seems to awaken the prisoners. Then a text reads, â€Å"On January 14th the Democratic primary will begin. And you’ll see why 2008 won’t be like ‘1984’.† Then the letter ‘O’ appears in the colors of Apple Macintosh’s old logo, along with the web address, BarackObama.com. What does this text mean, and how does it rely on  other texts to construct meaning? There are three layers to this text. The first layer can be understood in the context of 2008 and the primary elections. The text traveled as a viral, meaning it was a commercial that spread like a virus through social networks on the Internet. People who posted this video to their Facebook wall or sent it as a link in an e-mail to friends, all knew who Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama were. Her face and his logo needed no introduction. The irony of her words, the dark images of the prisoners and the symbol of the sledgehammer all indicated a sharp criticism of Clinton. One did not have to understand the final text to sense that this was a strong attack ad. It accused Clinton of not listening to her audience, and it praised Obama for helping them see ‘the light’. The second layer of this text can best be understood in the context of the Apple Macintosh ad that ran only once during the Super Bowl in 1984. The attack ad is in fact a ‘mash-up’ of the Macintosh ad, meaning that it is almost identical to the original ad, frame for frame, with a the exception of several manipulated images. Where the Apple logo once appeared on the shirt of the athletic woman, there is the logo of Organizing for America, Obama’s grassroots campaign team. Where a man’s face once appeared on the large screen, there is Hilary’s face. The text at the end of the Macintosh ad originally read, â€Å"On January 24th Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And you’ll see why 1984 won’t seem like ‘1984’.† Even if viewers of the Obama ad do not know about the significance of ‘1984’, they might know these references to the Macintosh ad. Since the ad only ran once, it created a great hype and sense of mystery. It promised to change the face of personal computing by literally and figuratively enlightening the masses. Comparing Obama’s campaign to the Apple brand, has an interesting effect on the reader in 2008. It is almost as if Obama is the new iPod: slick, stylish, personal and unique. He breaks with the establishment, Hillary Clinton, who could be compared to Microsoft or IBM, in the context of 1984. The third layer of context is perhaps the most important one to understanding the ads. Both ads allude to a scene from Nineteen Eighty-four, a novel by George Orwell. His novel is commonly understood as a criticism of autocratic government. The autocratic government in Orwell’s novel, Oceana, is ruled by a man whose face appears regularly on a large ‘telescreen’. His name is Big Brother. The Obama ad replaces Big Brother’s image from the Apple ad with Hillary  Clinton’s face, making a comparison and strong suggestion that she stands for autocratic rule, establishment and war. The effects of this on the audience in 2008 are quite persuasive and bold, influencing the way they vote in the primary election. At the time the attack ad ran in January of 2008, Hillary Clinton was ahead in the polls. Almost a week later, thanks to this ad and other influences, she began to lose points to Barack Obama (Pollster.com, 2008). While it is impossible to measure the exact effects of this ad in weakening her position, the ad’s implications are strong and persuasive. This viral video shows the power of mash ups and how the persuasive power of borrowing from other texts. Works cited Apple Computers. â€Å"YouTube – 1984 Apple’s Macintosh Commercial.† YouTube – Broadcast Yourself. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. ParkRidge47. â€Å"YouTube – Vote Different.† YouTube – Broadcast Yourself. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. . â€Å"Pollster.com – Political Surveys and Election Polls, Trends, Charts and Analysis.† Pollster. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.

Business Law Essay

On Monday, A proposed to B to buy B’s car for $12,000 by post. It is primary to distinguish between an invitation to treat and an offer, as an offer once accepted creates a legally binding contract in which does not apply to the alleged acceptance of an invitation to treat. Therefore, the issue is whether the proposal from A is an offer or an invitation to treat. An offer is defined in Preston Corpn Sdn Bhd v Edward Leong [1982] as an  intimation of willingness by an offeror to enter into a legally binding contract. Its terms either expressly or impliedly must indicate that it is to be become binding on the offeror as soon as it has been accepted by the offeree. The crucial factor that determines whether something amounts to an offer is the intention to be bound, which is usually shown by the wording. Conversely, an invitation to treat is a proposal to negotiate or an attempt to receive proposals. The person extending the invitation is merely indicating that he/she is willing to enter into negotiations but is not bound to accept any offers made. Nonetheless, in the English of Smith v Hughes [1871], the court emphasized that the important thing is not a party’s real intentions but how a reasonable person would view the situation. This is due mainly to common sense as each party would not wish to breach his side of the contract if it would make him/her blameworthy to damages. The details of A’s letter are omitted, thus making it the more difficult to assess the express and implied terms of the proposal, which would come in handy to determine whether or not there is an intention to be bound. Although buyers may have the inclination to negotiate on the terms, rarely will there be one who will do so after initiating a proposal. Once taken the initiative and had gone through the hassle to write out a letter and have it sent, this shows an expression of willingness to buy therefore it is plausible that there is an intention to be bound. But of course this would be my personal presumptions as a reasonable person. Wrapping up, in my opinion, this proposal from A is suggested to be an offer instead of an invitation to treat and once there is an acceptance from B, a mere agreement will be formed. Some prerequisites are mandatory to make an offer valid, thus leads on to the following case. The letter of offer from A was misplaced by the postman and picked up by B’s neighbor, C who passes B the letter on Friday. Logically; an offer must be acknowledged by the offeree to be valid. The concern here is whether the  offer from A was communicated and validated. As stated in Barnes. et al. (2006, p.166) â€Å"The act of communicating the offer indicates that the offeror is willing to be bound by its terms. On the other hand, a non-communicated offer may be evidence that the offeror has not yet decides to enter into a binding agreement.† The general rule of acceptance is that performance of the requested act does not amount to an acceptance unless the party performing the act did so with knowledge of the existence of an offer. If otherwise, a party could find himself bound to the terms of a contract of which he was entirely unaware. However, there is a case for making an exception in the case of a unilateral contract, at least when performance of the act cannot subject the performing party to any disadvantage. Gibbons v Proctor [1891] is an English Contract Law case that deals with an offer, via advertisement, and whether or not a person who does not know of the offer can accept the offer if they complete the terms of the offer. The case has also been cited as authority for the proposition that acceptance in ignorance of an offer is effective: that a person who gives information for which a reward has been offered can claim it even though at the time of giving it he had no knowledge of the offer of reward. Nevertheless, this offer from A is a sort of bilateral contract, in which A is promising to pay B $12,000 for another promise from B for his car. As the letter of offer from A was in the hands on C and it did not reached B as intended; therefore there is no actual communication and the offer is scarcely considered valid. Common sense tells us that if B had not received the offer from A, there is no way B would learn of A’s offer and let alone to reply to it. An offer made through the post will not be effective until it is received and read by the offeree. In conclusion, my thesis is that the offer from A was neither communicated nor valid till Friday when B received the letter from C. On Tuesday, B proposed to sell his car for $11,000 to A by post and the post reached A on the following day. In the event where B proposed the offer upon acknowledgement of the offer made by A, it would be regarded as a counter offer, which in turn would be a distinction to acceptance. But this will not apply in this case as B’s proposal was made before the awareness of A’s offer. As a result, this proposal here will be subjected to whether or not the proposed is an offer and a legitimated one. In the previous issue, the buyer, A is making a proposal to the prospective seller, B and more often than not it would be an offer. When the roles are reversed, the proposal could be either an offer or an invitation to treat, hence, the need to highlight the differences. As presented in page 2, the explanation of an offer is unambiguous. However, for further illustration on invitation of treat, in Partridge v Crittenden, the defendant was charged with an offence of offering wild birds for sale with the aid of advertisement contrary to the Protection of Birds Act 1954. He was found not guilty since he had not offered the birds for sale; the advertisement was simply an invitation to treat. Adding on, in Fisher v. Bell [1961], the defendant was charged with the offence of offering for sale a flick knife contrary to section 1[1] of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959. He had displayed the knife in his shop window with a price ticket behind it. It was held that the defendant had not committed the offence as, in displaying the knife in his shop window; he had not offered it for sale. These two examples of invitation to treat opposed to the common, non legal, understanding of the term ‘offer’. Goods in shop windows or on display and goods advertised are usually invitation to treat which invites people to make offers and where the seller may choose to or not to sell. Chances are that B’s proposal to A is an offer because if otherwise, he would not had taken the trouble to pen it down and have it sent. As previous case, this is merely my assumptions as a reasonable person. The letter intended for A from B was clearly communicated as it reached A the  following day, Wednesday. In conclusion, my perspective is that the proposal made by B is an offer and a valid one as the offer was acknowledged by the offeree, A. A fax of acceptance was sent by A to B in regards of the $11,000 offer for B’s car. However, was never printed out due to paper failure in B’s fax machine. This is evidently an acceptance as it mirrors the offer from B. When an acceptance is effective can be critically important as in most occurrences, the offeror has discretion to revoke the offer at any time before acceptance. The general rule is that an acceptance has no effect until it is communicated to the offeror. In Powell v Lee [1908], the defendants who were the managers of a school had decided to appoint the plaintiff headmaster. One of the managers told the plaintiff of the decision without authorization. Subsequently however, the defendants reversed their decision and appointed a third party in which the plaintiff was suing for breach of contract. The plaintiff’s action failed as for there to be a concluded contract, it was essential that there should be a communication made by the body of the persons to the selected candidate. By using the facsimile machine to send acceptance, it is an effective means of direct communication and no contracts will be created unless it is received by the offeror. In other words, the acceptance is not complete when the message is transmitted but only when it is received. However, in this case, A must have reasonably believed that his acceptance was communicated but this is not so because of the fault of B, then B may be estopped from saying that he did not receive the acceptance. This is clearly the fault of B as fax is a technologically advanced method of communication and B will generally know at once that the fax has not been communicated. The balance of faults weighs more heavily on B, hence the postal rule can be applied in which the acceptance was effective once A made the fax and an agreement between A and B will surface. However, in the event where A’s fax had been printed but not acknowledged by B for three days. Postal rule will not apply in this circumstance as not only is it an instantaneous form of communication but, under the traditional contract principles, if the offer or circumstances do not indicate otherwise, the means the offeror used to converse the offer is the impliedly authorized means for accepting. In other words, unless B had specifically request for other form of communication, it is reasonable for B to assume that A would send his acceptance by post and would not be waiting by the fax machine. In this circumstance, the acceptance is only complete when B acknowledges it three days later. However, the case of Tenax Steamship Co Ltd v Owners of the Motor vessel ‘Brimnes’ [1974] contradicts the statement above as it appears that it is not necessary for the offeror to have read the message. If this is applied, the acceptance will be completed on the day itself when A had faxed it instead of three days when B reads it. Personally, as a reasonable person, I would not agree on the latter as it is extremely unjust for B. There are numerous methods of communication, the instantaneous kinds, e.g. via telephone, e-mail as well as the non-instantaneous kinds. No one would be able to predict the form of communication adopted by the other party so B could not possibly be hanging around the room where the fax machine was situated in, waiting for A’s reply. Thus, if B is ignorant of the acceptance, the acceptance would not be of use. On Friday, B posted his acceptance to sell his car for the offer made by A on Monday. The letter was not received by A for two weeks. When an acceptance is to be made through the postal system, the postal rule does apply in which will results in an agreement on Friday regardless of  whether A receives it or not. This peculiar rule developed by the English Law has been first enunciated in the case of Adams v Lindsell [1818], where an acceptance is completed as soon as posted. â€Å"In Adams v Lindsell [1818], the defendant wrote to the plaintiff offering to sell him wool and asked him to reply by post. The plaintiff replied on the 5th but the letter reached the defendant on the 9th. Meanwhile on the 8th, not hearing anything from the plaintiff, the defendant sold the wool to a third party. The plaintiff sued the defendant and the court held that the acceptance was effective when the letter was posted and so there was a contract and the defendant was in breach of it.† Cited from Chandran (p.24) Saying as much, this contract will not be valid as there was previously an agreement made between A and B when A faxed his acceptance. The contract between A and B is where A will pay $11,000 for B’s car and B would have to let go for $11,000 as stated in page 4. No doubt it would be hard on B if he could be bound even without knowing his offer had been accepted. Nonetheless, as mentioned it was his own slip-up that results in the unknown bound. Since the contract for $11,000 is valid, there would be no existence of subject matter of contract which is B’s car in the $12,000 contract and there is no way B will be able to sell the same car twice without breaching the contract. REFERENCE LIST Barnes, J.D., et al. _Law for Business_, 9th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin Bond, H.J., et al. _Business Law_, 2nd Edition. Great Britain: Blackstone Press Limited London Chandran, R. Introduction to Business Law in Singapore, 2nd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin Frey, M.A., et al. _Introduction to the Law of Contracts_, 4th Edition. United States: Thomson Delmar Learning New York Kelly, D., et al. _The Cavendish Q & A Series: Business Law_, 1995. Great Britain: Cavendish Publishing Limited London Keenan, D_. Advanced Business Law_, 10th Edition. Great Britain: Pitman Publishing London Lawson, R., et al. _Business Law for Business and Marketing Students_, 3rd Edition. Great Britain: Butterworth-Heinemann Low, K.Y., et al. Business & The Law, 1997. Singapore: Pitman Publishing Asia Pacific Major, W.T. _Law of Contract_, 9th Edition. Great Britain: Pitman Publishing London McKendrick, E. _Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials_, 2nd Edition. United States: Oxford University Press Inc Read, P.A. _Contract Law Casebook_, 7th Edition. Great Britain: HLT Publications London Soe, M. Principles of Singapore Law: including Business Law, 4th Edition. Singapore: The Institute of Banking & Finance Tabalujan, B.S. _Singapore Business Law_, 4th Edition. Singapore: BusinessLawAsia Terry, P. _Mastering Business Law_, 2nd Edition. Great Britain: Macmillan Press Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London Assignment Cover Sheet

Personal Statement for entry to faculty of law Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Hate speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Miss Lonelyheart and the Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Miss Lonelyheart and the Depression - Essay Example West illustrated such aspects of life evolved during the depression era in his novel Miss Lonelyhearts. The novel is of relevance today as the global economy showing a sign of depression, which may in turn lead to the great depression II.Even though the events and circumstances described in the novel are from a period of a century ago, the theme of the novel has relevance in this modern age. â€Å"Miss Lonelyhearts† the son of an England priest, is involved in giving advice for reader’s distressing letters.These hurting stories which he receives are depressing and eventually he also becomes depressed by reading the painful letters. He started heavy drinking and occasional bar fights.William Shrike, editor of the New York newspaper where Miss Lonelyhearts works, uses the column to boost up the circulation. The characters of this novel do not possess moral qualities, or they do not have any strong spirituality, which may be the result of depression era. They are not reall y concerned about social values (Martin, 1970). For example, Miss Lonelyhearts was not sincere as a columnist. At the beginning Miss Lonelyhearts started as a columnist in a style existing at that time with a superficial way of analysing and solving problems of individuals in society. In the society of that time where people suffered from financial and economic problems, actual religious and spiritual values did not affect them. When Miss Lonelyhearts received hundreds of letters from people of all walks of life describing their individual problems of many types he became astounded on going through the actual life problems. The letters contained plights of diverse people. For example, the novel describes a letter by a 16 year old girl who was born without a nose. Her life was pathetic because her parents felt guilty and shamed of their daughter, and this girl wanted Miss Lonelyhearts to tell her if she should commit suicide. When Miss Lonelyhearts understands the problem, he gets a sense of shock, which is a clear contrast to the attitude that the editor William Shilke shows. This contrast is very true of the media in the modern world. Over the years, media has become insensitive and focuses more on getting the sensational news out just to get more publicity and increase their profit. Just like Shilke, many media houses put immense pressure on the journalists to compromise on their ethics and values, just to get more attention from the public. This results in a breakdown at some point, just that Miss Lonelyhearts faced in the novel. Therefore, the approach of the editor to exploit the current situation is very similar to the way in which media sensationalizes the news in today’s era. In addition, in today’s society, depression is often taken out by certain methods that are not moralistic, such as getting involved in extra marital affairs or taking refuge in drugs. For Miss Lonelyhearts, he chose to overcome this depression by indulging in an extr a marital affair with one of his readers and with the wife of the editor. Only a very drastic situation, such as an encounter with the crippled husband of Mrs Doyle can bring out repentance in Miss Lonelyhearts. In real life too, only a very tragic instance gets the people to come out and remorse as most people do not understand their mistake unless the situation is very grave. Even though this work is a piece of fiction, it is very reflective of the current situa

Discuss the effects that the institution of slavery had on Atlantic Essay

Discuss the effects that the institution of slavery had on Atlantic Civilization - Essay Example The Europeans and American colonies were interested in Atlantic slavery because the location was easily accessible and secondly it was cheaper to get slaves. In order to prove the thesis of this paper that slave trade had great impacts on Atlantic, let’s zoom into what happened. The ancient Egyptian society is well much known for its unique pyramids. The construction of pyramids was done by slaves who worked for long hours under inhumane conditions. Young people especially from the Hebrew community were the ones who were building the pyramids. With the capital punishment of death, they would opt to endure the hardship as the best options. This can be attributed to the reign and era of Pharaoh. These slaves had no right to anything as they were constantly subjected to servitude. Therefore, the results of slavery led to construction of pyramids (Carney, Judith, and Richard, 21). There was also acquisitions, by African, of European good and commodities, in exchange of human cargo. This is to say that European slave trade terms and conditions demanded that, in exchange for their goods, like guns, cooking utensils, attire and alcoholic drinks, they required slaves rather that gold. As a result of this, merchants, who traded for Europeans, were encouraged to get slaves so that they can exchange with European commodities. Consequently, this desire to acquire European commodities led to slow economic growth in internal trade. This is because, demand for internal commodities went down. On the other hand, the acquisition of guns in both the Central and West Africa enabled establishment of military and political tribes in Africa (Green, 3). Besides trading human for European commodities, some European slave traders exchanged slaves for gold. As a result, there was accumulation of wealth within the European slave trade chatter. With availability of wealth, slave merc hants were not only able to facilitate industrial revolutions and capitalist production, but they

How is technology shaping the future of tertiary institutions and what Thesis Proposal

How is technology shaping the future of tertiary institutions and what must the do to survive - Thesis Proposal Example Technology is the skeleton, muscles and blood of higher education for the students in meeting the standards of excellence in scholastic merits, viable and sustainable productive skills for future, and adaptability to changing trends in real world. In order to keep pace with the changes around the globe, it is indispensable for the institutions to connect the teaching to technology so that the beliefs about future can be transformed to realities in their practical outcome. This paper is aimed at making an exploration of the various management challenges for rendering a tertiary education strategy in connection with the increasing demand for technology in the application level learning. The project will investigate, experiment and evaluate the information, factual data and chronological details related to the advancement of technology as a relationship with its viability and scope in the field of tertiary education by pursuing the following question - The paper will be an evaluation of the current system of education at higher levels with apt suggestions for improvement by highlighting the relevance of technology at learning process so as to enable the students find their place in the competitive world. It does not take strain to understand the inevitable role of technology in the present day world in connecting lives as a vicious cycle comprising various dynamic activities for growth and sustainability. Although the focus of technological advancement is mainly on the business sector, the fact that educational institutions are the suppliers of creative human resources is indisputable. This proposal will focus on underlining the importance of a discussion of management challenges before universities and institutions in framing a balanced course inclusive of technology at its core. Experimental approach to management challenge is important in tertiary institutions for various reasons. Most basically, it is

An Analysis of the Influence Wielded by Religion and Politics among Research Paper

An Analysis of the Influence Wielded by Religion and Politics among the American People in Contemporary Times - Research Paper Example Likewise, the government is not formally attached to any religious grouping. This paper aims to assess the influence exerted by both religion and politics among the American People in this modern era. Likewise, it seeks to determine if indeed they should be put together or separated and how the citizens of the country feel about this choice and what will be the long-term effects of the separation or combination of the two blocs. Religion is considered a universal component of human life. Religion makes it easier for people to communicate with each other and with God. In the words of Natambu, â€Å"People are often ready to die for their religion, and many thousands have done so. Many others sacrifice their fame, power, wealth, property and time for the sake of religion. Religion must have a great value for people otherwise nobody would die for it or give so much for its sake. People make sacrifices and offerings of the best they have for the sake of religion.† (2002)... The ritual shines on both of them from a place beyond their ordinary experience and includes them in a community whose home is in some way not of this world. And in the Christian case the ritual records a primeval sacrifice, born of love.† (2009) For majority of Americans, they are used to and more comfortable with church leaders articulating their opinions and beliefs regarding social and political matters and concerns. Churches, synagogues and other religious institutions are widely perceived as positive forces in addressing the problems of society. Nonetheless, a bigger number of voters still claim they are uncomfortable with priests or pastors advocating their political views from the pulpit. Conversely, at least 75% of voters think that while it is vital for the President to have religious faith, there is prevalent discomfort over politicians who speak publicly about their religious affiliations, sentiments and actions (2000). Wald states that â€Å"religion is more impor tant in American polity than most people realize, but in different ways than they imagine. Is religion good for politics?† (2003, p. 14). Wald offers the thought of Richard J. Neuhaus that religion is a community and an institution needed to stand in judgment of a state moving toward totalitarianism. The other fundamental issue is whether religion imports and sustains values such as human rights and freedom in politics. Notwithstanding all these discussion, debates, disagreements and concurrences, politics seem to get in the way of religion and vice versa in the present-day American setting. Even, if religious leaders of different Christian sects and leaders of government and members of Congress and Senate make repeated claims that there is no conflict between the two and they operate

The current Shipbuilding market in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The current Shipbuilding market in China - Essay Example The chief products of the Chinese ship manufacturing consist of large sized carriers and oil tankers. China has 70 shipyards that have the capacity to erect ocean gliding vessels. CSSC and CSIC are the main (Schuster, A M.H 2000).ship constructing giants. By 2005, the ship manufacturing authority; COSTICN announced ambitious schemes for the evolution of the Chinese ship designing industry that, the industry is scheduled to control twenty five percent of the bazaar share in 2010 and ultimately five years later, the projection that China would dominate as the world’s ship constructing nation with respect to tonnages. The contemplations anticipated 24 millions DWT; the analogous control of 35% of the market share. CSSC, the largest shipbuilding category, have committed $ 3.5 billion to enhance a modern shipping base in Chanxing isle of Shanghai. After the accomplishment of CSSC, Changxing would emerge as the leading ship building company world over. Future projections hold the ax iom of thinking that by 2015, three large ship construction centers of the Chinese shipbuilding industry are to be constructed. (Schuster, A M.H 2000). The shipping industry in china is a fundamental monetary domain for China’s very existence. For quite along time, the industry has been the main foreign exchange earner for China. China ship construction entry into the international market commenced in 1978. The industry has proved successful for the last 26 years. On the fourth year of the 21st century, China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was at 1.65 trillions, and as such it was positioned number seven globally, (Hutchins, J.G.B 1941). If rating is anything to go by, then China is the only developing country to feature among the top ten nations globally, in terms of GDP. For the last 25 years, the Chinese economy has maintained a high growth tempo, which is relatively at 9.4 percent per annum. With the impeccable statistics, it is therefore true that China is the

Lenition and its Accompanying Constraints Essay

Lenition and its Accompanying Constraints - Essay Example Lenition refers to the synchronic and diachronic sound alterations. In lenition, sounds may become weaker or weak sounds assume an allomorphic relation to stronger sounds. The weakening of sounds has been an area of concern for most scholars. Lenition has and continues to draw great literature over the decades. However, the general idea is that it implies some reduction in constriction degree or duration.Two other scholars, Ashby and Maidment (2005), seem to support Odden’s view of lenition. According to Ashby and Maidment, lenition is â€Å"also called weakening† (2005: 141). They go ahead to plot consonants on the scales of strength: a consonant is stronger the more it differs from a vowel, but becomes weaker when it begins to resemble a vowel. The idea of grading consonants on a scale of strength also features prominently in Trask’s Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Trask states: â€Å"A shift in character from left to right along any of t he scales†¦may be regarded as lenition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Trask 2000: 190).The considerations of articulatory efforts may also lead to the concept of lenition. It is generally accepted that what causes the sound alterations that result into lenition is laziness. Scholars also observe that many of the world’s languages have undergone many changes. These changes find relevance in the context of weakening or lenition (Hock 1991: 80). This occurs under the framework of Autosegmental phonology where there is an obvious attempt to scale down lenition to a feature-spreading assimilation.

Case Study Questions Essay Example for Free

Case Study Questions Essay 1. What are the inputs, process, and outputs of UPS’s package tracking system? 2. What technologies are used by UPS? How are these technologies related to UPS’s business strategy? 3. What strategic business objectives do UPS’s information systems address? 4. What would happen if UPS’s information systems were not available? Answer: 1. A. Inputs * Package Information * Customer Information * Destination * Current Location of the parcels B. Process * The data are transmitted to a central computer and stored for retrieval. Data are also organized so that they can be tracked by customer. C. Output * Smart Labels * Signatures of Receiver * Proof of delivery * Receipts 2. Technologies used by UPS * DIAD (Delivery Information Acquisition Device) * Barcode scanning systems * Smart Labels * Wired and Wireless Communication Network (GPRS, CDMA) * Desktop and Central Storage â€Å"Best Services and Lowest Rates† Because of the advance integration of UPS’s technology. It can provide services cheaper and more efficiently. That technology solves problems like logistics and supply chain management, freight forwarding, customs brokerage, mail services. 3. Strategic Business Objectives of UPS’s information systems address * Operational Excellence UPS manage to cut down costs and save M 28 Miles by their truck using advanced technology. * New Products, Services and Business Models The information systems of UPS created new way on how to offer delivery service. It has transformed the way the company gathers information, creating routes etc. * Competitive Advantage UPS had already its operational excellence and New Products, Services and Business Models which means the UPS already gain a competitive advantage. Having this kind of technologies that they use like DIAD made them do things better than their competitors. 4. If UPS’s Information Systems were not available: * Operational costs could be higher. * Millions of gallons of fuel could be burnt. * Millions of miles could be driven. * UPS’s would not be able to track their parcels and deliver them efficiently if these systems were not available. MIS in Action

Vanish automatically Essay Example for Free

Vanish automatically Essay The pages of human history, daubed in bloodshed, more recently that of World War I, World War II and the war in Nanking (China) ask a crying question. How to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, heart full of love and the life that refuses conflicts—these alone are enough! But then how to fight this malicious tendency among human beings and intense craving for violence and hatred? Heartfelt care and concern, an understanding approach, and tender regard for the feelings of fellow human beings are the necessary prerequisites to heal the inner wounds of one section of humanity caused by another. If human beings have to find a new identity for them, and make tangible efforts towards achieving the goal of ‘the world is one family,’ we need to learn to forgive and forget the bitterness of the past in order to build a new identity. This goal can not be achieved by any ‘isms. ’ The inner core of every human being is essentially divine, even that of the worst villain. It just needs to be revealed to him to help him align himself with his true personality Peace is possible†¦. Kurt Vonnegut perhaps feels that such an ideal state is not achievable on this Planet Earth; therefore, he introduces Planet Tralfamador in his book. Even that is not going to solve the problem relating to peace. It is futile to cross the moon and beat the stars, to get peace. Peace is within; one has to dive deep and fire the Light missiles for inner construction; then only outer destruction is preventable. Kurt argues that war conditions create total loss of humanity. As for the individual undergoing special suffering, as the prisoner of war, the collapse of his individuality and self-respect is complete. He undergoes most humiliating experiences that totally shatter him. Billy Pilgrim is one such prisoner-of-war, but he is unstuck in the wheel of time after he is abducted by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore. Vonnegut’s devastating experience as an American prisoner of war, the firebombing of Dresden, is candidly reflected and explained in the book. Kurt’s other argument is that power corrupts—absolute power corrupts absolutely and brings out the worst in man, in war-situations. Slaughterhouse-G-Five is the name of the camp where Prisoners of War are held as captives. Prisoners of War and slaughterhouse—these words make a horrible combination and one is frightened to think about the consequences that would follow. The story of the book is known for its peculiarities. With no characters and no dramatic confrontations, a strange situation manifests. Most of the characters have lost charm for life, they see no definite purpose in living, resigned to the circumstances, and live as if they are born to walk up to the grave. In the grim circumstances prevailing with no hope for improvement, humanity has turned cynical. One is unable to meet the vicissitudes hotly pursuing one after another. Everything is so hopeless and one is unable to see the ray of hope or peace from anywhere. Each one lives like the punctured tier—directionless and destination less. With no forward movement, the life turns like the rudderless boat controlled by other external, powerful forces, which subdue the personality of human beings. In a war situation or when you live life as the prisoner-of-war, many grave uncertainties bother you. You don’t know what is in store for you the next moment. Another technique employed by Kurt is that he reveals the story from the voice of the narrator Ethan Hawke, who reads it in his inimical style. The reader gets the feeling that a secret is being revealed to him slowly and steadily, without intermission. You feel as if you are flying in the outer world with the wings of imagination provided to you by Hawke’s narrative style. As his narrations and explanations crystallize and struggle to achieve the form, Kurt reaches the borders of spirituality. The ignoble human beings will always remain ignoble, without any possibility for forward movement, unless they take shelter under the immutable laws of Nature (God). Because only that power is Immutable and Omnipresent! All else is transient, Kurt argues. This is an anti-war novel. All wars are enacted in the minds by the ambitious politicians and generals first. An ordinary soldier has no role in creating tragic histories for the sake of personal aggrandizements of the leaders. Some leaders create the war, on some leaders the war is thrust, but once the war begins, their mental make up becomes identical-to win the war at any cost and for that they destroy the enemy employing the most savage methods. Kurt expresses his great anguish why the city of Dresden was bombed killing over 100,000 civilians, who had no direct role in the war. The important theme of the book is fate. It is in the fitness of things that the prayer of serenity appears twice in the book. Permanent peace will not dawn by fighting wars first and then sitting across the table in big conferences to negotiate peace. Such exercises have proved futile in the past; they give the same results even now. Kurt seems to say that wars can not be avoided—but he is wrong on this count. An individual, ipso facto, the politicians and the leaders need not cross the frontiers of their enemy country but transcend their own mind-barriers. When the mind barrier is transcended, all differences of opinions cease. With no scope for confrontation, it is peace at last! When the thought process is changed, the action process also changes. When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed; when the society is changed, the nation is changed; such changed nations are hopes for world peace, a world without wars! World War III will rest for ever in the bosom of Nature!

Minorities In The Federal Government Politics Essay

Minorities In The Federal Government Politics Essay Minorities are always a source of debate in America. Whether it is relating to immigration laws, equal opportunity in schools and workplaces, or their role in government minorities are often a subject of controversy. Many citizens of the United States feel their ethnicities or sex are not fairly represented in Congress, the Justice system, or even in the Executive branch. Today we have an overwhelming majority of white males in Congress. Racial minorities and women alike are underrepresented in both houses. A debate continues on how to make this representation could become more equal. Some feel that the system is what it is and generally makes a level playing field for all candidates; others believe that white males are heavily favored in our current districting. Underrepresentation of minorities has been prevalent since the beginning of Americas government, and many feel that action must be taken to achieve a more representative Federal Government. Of all minorities, women are actually the weakest in representation. Women make up an equal amount of the United States total population, but they do not receive even close to half of the seats in Congress. In fact, as of this year, women only hold 19% of the seats in Congress. This number is record high, but is still very far from 50%. There are many factors contributing to womens underrepresentation in government. One is a very obvious reason. Women simply do not have as many candidates running for office as do men. If more females hope to gain seats in Congress, more must be willing to run campaigns. Womens participation in political education is also below that of mens. Many argue, however, that women are receiving appropriate education and are attempting to run for office. The reason they have difficulty in gaining seats is peoples predisposition to favor the traditional. Voters are used to males holding these positions, and therefore naturally favor a male candidate to a female . If women hope to achieve more success in their numbers in the government, the general voting population must be more willing to accept them as leaders and vital assets on Capitol Hill. This cannot be done by apathetically hoping people will come to their senses. Women have to make strong efforts to assert themselves in those positions, and show future voters their capability. Some feel traditional views and number of candidates are not the most important factors restricting women from gaining equal representation. The biggest obstacle facing women with regards to underrepresentation in Congress is not peoples tendency to favor males for these positions. Instead their lack of wealth is the primary reason men have over eighty percent of the seats. (Rochne) The number of men with the funding to undergo a costly campaign process is much more numerous than the small number of females who could afford to run. Those women with money who choose to run are still often overmatched when it c omes to funding. Fortunately, women are holding more assets, getting more degrees, and working at more high-level jobs than any other time in Americas history. If this trend continues, then women will continue to gradually increase their presence in Congress. http://newshour.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/2012/11/15/women_in_congress_2_blog_main_horizontal.jpg Racial minoritys struggles are far different from those of women. Often it is not money that holds minorities back, but how the voting system is set up in our Country. Redistricting is essentially a political game in which people with the most influence are trying to see their views favored, whether thats to favor party or ethnic hopes. In reality, minority voters wouldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ become submerged in white majority districts, and we would turn the clock back to a time when we had virtually all-white legislatures.(Amy) This is focusing on how redistricting can be instrumental to the racial layout of congress. For many years this was a large factor in the white majority, until it was brought to the courts. This is seen in the Supreme Court case Thornburg vs. Gingles of 1986. The court declared in a unanimous vote that the legacy of official discrimination acted in concert with the multimember districting scheme to impair the ability of cohesive groups of black voters to participa te equally in the political process and to elect candidates of their choice. Essentially this facilitated the creation of United States house districts in which a minority population constitutes a majority of the voting age population. (Banducci) Combined factors still affect minority representation. Wealth, education, experience, number of candidates all contribute to the underrepresentation of ethnicities. Despite all of these factors and the others unmentioned, districting is often considered the most challenging and restraining of all. The amount elected is solely reflected by the numbers of that minority in a voting district. (Peyton) Without minority voting populations being properly represented in their districts, they cannot be properly represented in the Federal Government. Some believe, however, that racial redistricting would have its down falls and is paradoxical in nature. As voting districts are altered to allow for racial minorities to gain election to seats, Congress may be less likely to side with this races ideology and the policies they hope to implement. For example if a district was drawn to favor African-American candidates, Congress may feel less inclined to adopt policies that are favored by many African-American voters. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦particularly in the South, the practice of concentrating minority populations into a small number of districts decreases the liberal influence in the remaining areas. Thus, a handful of minority representatives, almost invariably Democrats, win elections, but so do a greater number of conservative Republicans. (Lublin) Not only will Congress be less willing to accept their policies, but liberal influence in other districts will suffer as a large number of minorities vote democratic. This in turn does the op posite of what activists are hoping. While one minority may gain a seat, their party could lose two. It is still very hard to deny the lack of diversity in Congress. In the United States Senate there are currently no blacks holding positions. In fact, only 6 senators have been African-American since the beginning of the Senate. Todays Senate is made of a 96% white majority. Only 4 senators are racial minorities, Daniel Akaka, Hawaii (Asian-American, Daniel Inouye, Hawaii (Asian-American), Robert Menendez, New Jersey (Hispanic-American) and Marco Rubio, Florida (Hispanic-American). That means that Latinos make up 1% of the Senate, while the latest census found that they make up almost 17% of the United States entire population. It is clear why many are upset about the underrepresentation of minorities. When interviewed about this subject, it was found that most senators do not find this as a matter of importance. (Desjardins) Instead they believe the system gives an equal chance to a ll those running, and should be focused on merit not race. Senators feel that redistricting to aid the election of ethnic minorities is unfair and unnecessary. Of course their opinions are not at all objective; it shows the reluctance of the government when addressing these issues. Legislation is difficult to pass because the white majority would like to continue to see themselves as the majority. It creates a cycle that makes change a slow process. http://www.prosebeforehos.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/zz3490fe30.jpghttp://www.gregbocquet.com/images/thumbAfAmCongress.jpg The Supreme Court and the Executive branch are no exception to the high underrepresentation of minorities. To date there have been only two African- Americans in the Supreme court, one who is still serving as an associate justice. And of course only one President has broken the long chain of white male president, Barack Obama. Sandra Day OConnor made history in the Supreme Court as the first ever women elected. In todays Supreme Court, three of the nine justices are women. Between the first ever African-American (or any minority for that matter) holding office in American history, and the new found diversity in the Court it seems both of these government branches are moving toward trends to create a more representative federal government. Even more than the election that made Barack Obama the first black president, the one that returned him to office sent an unmistakable signal that the hegemony of the straight white male in America is over. The long drive for broader social particip ation by all Americans reached a turning point in the 2012 election, which is likely to go down as a watershed in the nations social and political evolution and not just because in some states voters approved of same-sex marriage for the first time. (West) As shown by Los Angeles Times writer Paul West, a new evolution in politics is beginning. It is clear that obstacles are still very much present in the legislative branch, but the new wave of voters and the progress made elsewhere shows that these trend may become a new normal for the United States. Were not in the 50s any more, said William Frey, a Brookings Institution demographer. This election makes it clear that a single focus directed at white males, or at the white population in general, is not going to do it. And its not going to do it when the other party is focusing on energizing everybody else.(West) Barack Obamas success in gaining election has been an unprecedented win for minorities in government. But to ensure that his achievements have a lasting impression, minorities must take his work in stride and continue down the path to representation. Now more than ever people are straying away from views that the candidates need to fit a certain profile. Still work needs to be done. The cabinet is made up of almost entirely white males, and the Supreme Court is only just beginning to diversify. Despite the success seen in some areas of government, the two houses of Congress are far away from fair representation. The solutions to fixing this issue, however, are very difficult to identify and even more difficult to put in place. The first option is to allow things to continue on their own path, and hope that more minorities will be elected. (Amy) Some argue that this could potentially work based on trends that have been occurring since the mid 1900s. Minorities are gaining seats slowly, and soon more will become available to them. Although possible, this method would create a long process of representation that could take several decades to become fair. It also creates an opportunity for minorities to move backwards instead of forwards, pushing districts back to even more unfair sections. Activists agree that this is not a true option to solving the problem of underrepresentation. Another solution is one that is used today. Groups like the NAACP can fight each individual chal lenge that is placed on minority districts. (Amy) This is more of a short-term solution however. The Supreme Court will not vote in favor of challenges when the only reason in race. Legal groups that fight for these districts are only keeping a minimal hold on the districts necessary for minority representation. So while this effort to save current minority districts is an important short-term tactic, and while it may work in some cases, it is difficult to be optimistic about the long-term success of this approach. (Amy) It is clear that this issue cannot be resolved by numerous court cases defending districts, especially when the Supreme Court does not look favorably on challenges solely based on race. The solution that could potentially solve these issues is an alternative election system based of proportional representation. This system is used by several Western nations and has shown great success in equaling the number of minorities in government. There are two separate ways to do this: one is by a cumulative vote, the other is by creating multi-member districts. The cumulative vote has already been used in some states for local elections in the U.S., and has shown considerable success in getting more minorities into local government positions. The success of this method at lower levels could also indicate that a cumulative vote used in districts could help minorities gain a fair amount of congressional seats. Multi-member districts are another viable option. If a districts voting population is 20% Hispanic, then that district would have 5 members, one of them likely turning out to be Hispanic. Minorities tend to vote for candidates from the same ethnic background, so creating districts into multi-member could even the playing field and create much greater representation of ethnic minorities. In the long run, proportional representation may be the only politically and constitutionally viable solution to the problem of minority representation in the U.S. P R would allow minorities a fair chance to elect their own candidates without resorting to the kind of race-based districting that has provoked the recent legal backlash. White voters would have nothing to complain about with PR since it would allow them to elect their fair share of representatives, and it wouldnt involve the drawing of special or funny shaped districts to benefit minorities. In this sense, proportional representation is a truly race neutral approach to districting, and one that would finally resolve once and for all this festering political problem. Americans committed to fair representation need to familiarize themselves with how these alternative systems work, promote the adoption of these systems on the local level, and pressure Congress to pass legislation to allow the use of proportional representation for congressional elections. Now is not the time to abandon the goal of fair representation for all Americans. We simply have to find new ways to achieve that go al; and currently, switching to proportional representation elections would seem to be our best bet. (Amy) Although this seems like an effective option, it is very difficult to put in place. Most political scientists agree that districting is the source of the problem, but if something could be done it would have already happened. (McCray) Most members of Congress are white males and will not support any acts that would potentially hurt their chances for reelection. Racial minorities need to find other ways than tirelessly challenging through the courts, and hoping that something will change about districting. Funding and strengthening of merit are two things that must be focused on. Latinos, African-Americans, and women all need to increase their wealth and their resumes if they wish to appeal to a broader audience. The graph on the next page, provided by the census bureau, shows the large gap in wealth between the majority white and all minorities. Whites hold 22 times the amount of wealth that blacks do. (Luhby) This also correlates with the amount of education received by these ethnicities. Without more success as a minority in America, it will be difficult for them to hold seats in either the House of Representatives or the Senate. Having less wealth and home equity means it will be more difficult for blacks and Hispanics to send their children to college, which gives them a leg up on landing good jobs, said Roderick Harrison, senior research scientist at Howard University. That will further extend the wealth gap. The implications will be with us into the next generation, which will have greater difficulty in getting the kinds of jobs needed to start saving and building wealth, Harrison said. (Luhby) This is not a trend that minorities want to continue. During the past few years, while every Americans wealth has been declining, minorities have been declining at an almost 40% faster rate than that of whites. (Luhby) The path to equal representation begins with closing the wealth gap and getting more minorities the best education possible. http://i2.cdn.turner.com/money/2012/06/21/news/economy/wealth-gap-race/chart-racial-wealth-gap-3.top.gif The public also needs to be aware of these issues. The media plays an essential role in the United States political layout, and they need to do better at informing people of the gap between races. There is no doubting the struggles that women and racial minorities have in trying to gain fair representation. Some hope that these issues will eventually work itself out. Progress has been made in getting more diversity in the Federal Government. The first African-American man is now the President of the United States, more women are holding congressional seats than ever before, and the diversity of the Supreme Court is at an all-time high. There is a lot of hope that these are only the beginnings as well. The American government is based on the principle that the people are the voice of government. The government is in place to serve and embody the United States population as a whole, not just by the majority. Millions of U.S. citizens make up what is known as our nations minorities. It is projected that in the next few decades that America could have a minority majority (the number of minorities combined outnumbers the white population). This is why many feel that they should have proportional representation in Congress. Women and all ethnicities that make up our country have made strides in their struggle for equality in our government, and in the near future action must be taken to see that they continue to be represented fairly.

Credit and Debt in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era

Credit and Debt in Victorian England The majority of Victorian society’s economic dealings can be summed up in two words: credit and debt. These ominous specters, which seemed to haunt Victorian England, were simultaneously able to evoke feelings of delight and doom in their â€Å"victims of vanity†. There were several different factors that contributed to the Victorian’s propensity to abuse their credit, and as a result, fall deeply into debt. In her essay, â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses†, Erika Rappaport discusses the significant role that gender played in the credit and debt â€Å"epidemic† that plagued Victorian society. Rappaport gives a fairly detailed account of the progression of buying on credit in Victorian society. In her essay, Rappaport states that â€Å"for most of the nineteenth century, consumer credit was still informal and was based on personal trust and a financial and moral assessment of the buyer† (165). Essentially, buying on credit was based on social position rather than financial stability. She comments that in the nineteenth century, selling on credit was still a widespread practice, and â€Å"many of the commodities that filled the Victorians’ homes and adorned their bodies were bought with its helpâ₠¬  (167). Rappaport states that buying on credit â€Å"helped middle-class families on limited income set up households†, and that â€Å"approximately 80 percent of all sales in the small, elite shops of metropolitan districts were offered on credit† (167). However, as time progressed, informal store credit became increasingly risky. Consumers began to travel longer distances in order to buy their goods, and it became increasingly less common to conduct business with neighbors and relatives. As a result of these changes, â€Å"wholesale... ... bills was perpetually in the forefront of the Victorian mindset. Further Links http://www.victorianweb.org/graphics/thackeray/17.1.html Works Cited Landow, George P. â€Å"Bankruptcy in Victorian England—Threat or Myth?† The Victorian Web. 22 March 2001. 7 Nov. 2004. . Rappaport, Erika. â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses.† The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Ed. Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough. London: University of California Press, Ltd., 1996. 163-177. â€Å"The Victorians: Debt Could Get You in Prison.† RomanceEverAfter. 7 Nov. 2004. . Williams, Montagu Q.C. â€Å"London: Down East and Up West.† The Victorian Dictionary. 1894. 7 Nov. 2004. . Path: Finance: Money-Lenders. Credit and Debt in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era Credit and Debt in Victorian England The majority of Victorian society’s economic dealings can be summed up in two words: credit and debt. These ominous specters, which seemed to haunt Victorian England, were simultaneously able to evoke feelings of delight and doom in their â€Å"victims of vanity†. There were several different factors that contributed to the Victorian’s propensity to abuse their credit, and as a result, fall deeply into debt. In her essay, â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses†, Erika Rappaport discusses the significant role that gender played in the credit and debt â€Å"epidemic† that plagued Victorian society. Rappaport gives a fairly detailed account of the progression of buying on credit in Victorian society. In her essay, Rappaport states that â€Å"for most of the nineteenth century, consumer credit was still informal and was based on personal trust and a financial and moral assessment of the buyer† (165). Essentially, buying on credit was based on social position rather than financial stability. She comments that in the nineteenth century, selling on credit was still a widespread practice, and â€Å"many of the commodities that filled the Victorians’ homes and adorned their bodies were bought with its helpâ₠¬  (167). Rappaport states that buying on credit â€Å"helped middle-class families on limited income set up households†, and that â€Å"approximately 80 percent of all sales in the small, elite shops of metropolitan districts were offered on credit† (167). However, as time progressed, informal store credit became increasingly risky. Consumers began to travel longer distances in order to buy their goods, and it became increasingly less common to conduct business with neighbors and relatives. As a result of these changes, â€Å"wholesale... ... bills was perpetually in the forefront of the Victorian mindset. Further Links http://www.victorianweb.org/graphics/thackeray/17.1.html Works Cited Landow, George P. â€Å"Bankruptcy in Victorian England—Threat or Myth?† The Victorian Web. 22 March 2001. 7 Nov. 2004. . Rappaport, Erika. â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses.† The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Ed. Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough. London: University of California Press, Ltd., 1996. 163-177. â€Å"The Victorians: Debt Could Get You in Prison.† RomanceEverAfter. 7 Nov. 2004. . Williams, Montagu Q.C. â€Å"London: Down East and Up West.† The Victorian Dictionary. 1894. 7 Nov. 2004. . Path: Finance: Money-Lenders.

To Kill A Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the book continues you can see the maturity level of Jem, Scout, and Dill rise. They mature just like other boys and girls do, but the trial of Tom Robinson helped all three of the kids to learn a little more about life. The most important thing that the children learned was that, in life everyone is not treated fair. Their father Atticus showed them that it takes courage and self pride not only to live other but also to live with yourself. They also learn about the injustice and justice throughout the Tom Robinson trial. Finally the children learn about prejudice and the effect that it has on everyone else in the world. B.) I believe that people learn much more from life experiences, rather than from what school teaches them. School teaches you things that society wants you to know, instead of the stuff you should now to get by in life. School of course helps people in the long run, by preparing them for a career, but if you do not have what is called 'Street Smarts';, than there is no use for 'Book Smarts.'; For example, If the smartest person in the world walked down a dark alley, and was robbed, then he is considered just as less educated as the next man is. 2.) Considering human relationships from the past, I believe that we as individuals pay for the past years of intolerance and bigotry much more than our country. Of course we are more advanced as a society but only a little compared to the advancement of technology. There are still people who hate for no reason or very little reasons. Many of those people like to tie in the past years of ignorance and set the blame on others, when it is actually their fault. This hurts the country, and makes other country's look down on us. It also puts many people in bad situations, which not only makes people pay for the country's past mistakes, but it brings senseless crime. 3.) Ironically the missionary society is concerned for the blacks in Africa, but they are careless for the blacks that live in the area in which the stay in. Even though they concerned with the people in Africa, the Ewells share the same lifestyle as the people in Africa, and are being criticized by the missionary society. 1B.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miss gates says that she is all for the system of democracy yet she worries's about the blacks trying to get 'above themselves.

Communication within groups Essay -- essays research papers

There are many different kinds of groups that exist between college students that deal with communication they range from sports teams to many community or social groups. The type of organizations that are mostly found in many colleges today are Greek letter organizations. In this paper I will exploring communication within the realm of sororities. First, I am going to start with the history of Sororities, then I am going to write about how important it communication is during what sororities call the pledge process. Furthermore I am going to tell about the different things that sororities have, such as the symbols, colors and different things that may deal with communication. Even though all sororities have different representations for their symbols and colors, they all have them and they mean certain things. Before sororities came about they only had fraternities which dated back the colonial times then later in the mid 19th century so rorities came about due to the decrease in popularity (Encarta). During that period, colleges focused almost exclusively on teaching the classics (Greek and Latin literature) and promoting religious piety, rather than liberal arts (science, history, and literature) or applications of learning such as engineering and agriculture. In response, students created their own outlets to debate the intellectual and political ideas of their time. The early debating societies took on names that reflected classical thinkers or ideas( Encarta). Until the 20th century, most fraternities and sororities excluded African American students. The movement to create organizations for African American students began in 1906 with the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity at Cornell University. Two years later, the first sorority for African American women, Alpha Kappa Alpha, was established at Howard University. Members of African American Greek-letter organizations sought to help other black students develop to the... ...e so they have what we have to say. Back then it was a way of saying their pain so they wouldn’t get in trouble. They couldn’t’ say anything negative so it was a kind of a code that they had used( www.dailybruin.ucla.edu).† In conclusion sororities like other groups have communication which is important for them to survive. Throught communication sororities are able to continue the legacy and reaffirm the goals set forth by their founders, as well as help the organization to grow. In this paper I have talked about sororities history of how they started and also the things that they do as forms of communication in order to survive in the group. "Fraternities and Sororities," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2004 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved Values and Organizations. Chicago: Rand Mcnally & Company, 1965. 92-93. Top of Form 3 Bottom of Form 3 Top of Form 4 Bottom of Form 4

Social Exclusion and Disability

The convention to give right to disable ppl should be supported with capacity building on different levels in the government as well as the private sector. it is estimated that a large number of women in Pakistan are having various forms of disability. â€Å"In our society women are already considered weak and disability adds to their woes,women having disability in our country is considered as â€Å"double disability†. steps il be taken for anti discrimination of disabled ppl.. n swat A large group of disabled persons staged a protest in Mingora on Thursday over government’s alleged indifference towards ensuring their rights. govt promised to give faculties like job opportunity to disability card holder issued by the National Database and Registration Authority. However 2 years have passed but nothing was done. these disable ppl wanted to stand on thr own feet and earn there living but they werent provided wid job opportunites or equal right to receive education. ocat ional centres were demanded where they can learn some practical skills. they said that there are not being but askng govt of pakistan to strt a realistic programme,which enables us to learn,work and earn. Some people from the government agree that government is not successful in providing the disable people with their rights. They agree that people have equal right as they are also part of the society,they agree that disable people are not considered prefect for the society ,if given chance they will prove capable to be fit in society.Special Persons Development Association president Mr Daudzai said his organisation would continue fighting for the rights of the disabled persons. He said physically challenged persons were contributing their due share to national development and progress by serving in many private and public sector institutions. also stated that, disable are not given facilities as given by other countries. UN adopted â€Å"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Di sabilities 2006† to make legal framework for providing PWDs equal opportunities in every sphere of life.Pakistan being signatory to this convention had taken a number of steps to facilitate such persons. â€Å"Disabled Persons' (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance fixed the responsibility of the State toward the prevention of disabilities; protection of of persons with disabilities; and provision of medical care, education, training, employment, and rehabilitation to the persons with disabilities. rights

Becoming a Crime Scene Technician Essay

Ever since I was a little girl I always model about what I necessitateed to do when I was older. I wanted to be a situate or a veterinarian average like most children wanted to be. As I grew up and matured I started thinking about what occupations re every last(predicate)y interested me. At depression I thought about both(prenominal)thing regarding sports or possibly something involving affable health. I was all over the stupefy until senior year. I finally immovable I wanted to piss on horror cracks and specifically a rhetorical intuition technician.However, beforehand I inflexible that this is what I wanted to do, I postulate to know information regarding being a rhetorical acquaintance technician. I lead to know exactly what a forensic science technician does on and off the clock and the requirements such as aim and limited training. After plenty of research I am aw be of the pros and cons of go a forensic science technician and it is an occupation I am ext remely interested in. I plan to bear off the appropriate classes o pursue this as my c areer. A forensic science technician plays a in truth authorised role at wickedness positions and laboratories.forensic science technicians that work at shame pellets, better known as aversion scene investigators are responsible for assisting in investigating abuse scenes by stash away and analyzing physical bear witness. They walk though the scene and determine what record should be gathered. They besides take photographs of the evidence and different part of the horror scene. They make sketches of the iniquity scene, take notes of their findings, collect all physical evidence and preserve and catalog evidence before it is transferred to the research lab. Forensic science technicians that work in the lab in any case play a crucial role regarding abomination scenes.They typically classify and identify evidence, explore relate between suspects using the results of the physical an d chemical substance analyses. Also, they work with experts regarding the case to study and escort their findings. and then they reconstruct crime scenes bases on their findings. Being a crime scene technician requires a lot of patients and availability because they hasten to work a regular daylight shift and moldiness be accessible at all hours of the day. They could be called to examine a crime scene so they moldiness be available to choke to many different locations depending on where the crime scene is located.Crime scene technicians must also be aware of pitiful and unpleasant sights at certain crime scenes. This requires a lot of important qualities. decisive thinking and problem firmness of purpose skills are extremely important. Technicians must use their surpass judgment to match physical evidence to suspects. Also, this would help assist law enforcement officials with solving crimes. Writing and speaking skills are very important as well. Technician may indispen sableness to prepare written reports to provide in court as well as demonstrating their findings to the police and other law enforcement employees. sustain but not least, technicians must take hold composure when working on crime scenes. Certain crime scenes may be extremely violent and gruesome and technicians must maintain professionalism when working on the scene. The first thing to do in line of battle to become a crime scene technician is finish all of the essential requirements. starting line of all, in order to investigate crime scenes and work in the laboratory, a lives grade in most departments are necessary and an all-embracing amount of on-the-job training.For example, freshly hired crime scene technicians are trained by more experient technicians and they teach them the methods and procedures for collecting and documenting evidence. They are also trained in many other things as well. This includes firearm-analysis training which typically lasts up to 1-3 years and DNA-analysis training that last 6-7 months. Then technicians must pass a growth exam before they are allowed to work out independent case work or pass on the ability to testify in court. Many crime scene technicians have met the requirements for the police academy as well.However, some larger law enforcement agencies are oblige to have a bachelors degree in internal or forensic science. Technicians who work in the laboratory typically have a bachelors degree in natural forensic science as well. Students who want to become a forensic science technician are required to take extensive coarse work in biology, alchemy and mathematics. Knowing all of the requirements and what forensic science technicians must encounter on a daily basis definitely motivates me to work extremely hard.There are a lot of pros and cons regarding being a technician and I am determined to endure all of the challenges in becoming one. I am fascinated with forensics and working on crime scenes which is w hy I think becoming a crime scene technician is a good fit for me. My goal is to lessen to Western Illinois University in the fall and march on my education. Western is an excellent law enforcement school and it would provide education resources to help me come with my dream of becoming a crime scene technician.

My Beach Memories

Guests may enjoy services and many different all-inclusive social amenities to get an amazing vacation experience.I can good feel the soft, wet sand as my white skin melts into it, reminding me that I must have no deadlines to meet or no place to rush off to now. The cool, crisp water feels exhilarating as it rushes over my body.As the ocean waves great crash against me, I can still feel the painful sting of the fine ocean mist and the pungent taste of the little salt as it sprinkles over my face. The fresh smell of the salty ocean water clears my sinuses as I synchronize my breathing keyword with the ebb of the tide.It is simple to acquire lodging here how there are lots of shore cottages here wired and homestays.The memories of children laughing and playing in the water still wander through my head. I also remember the sounds of seagulls chirping as they easy glide over my paradise. Having not a care in the world, could there be a more wonderful place? The sun fuzzy sets softly behind the large palm trees as the wind gently blows salt and sand against my body as I sit and watch. The fresh air turns cooler as the night begins.

Ocean eastern shores have waves that are bigger.These fond old memories are my pathway to escape extract from reality. Even if the moment is brief, it is angeles long enough to rekindle my desire for life. Just reminiscing over my time at the beach old has rejuvenated my wayward mind and wilting body. I can go back to my happy same place any time I desire.Obviously, you must make it into the shore.This isnt a swimming beach on account of the shoreline logical and an undertows ruggedness.

Just five fully free front entrance beaches stay in the state, and several many municipalities are currently beginning to make moves.Rivers and tidal marshes offer different surroundings.Have an outstanding excursion.The majority of the restaurants out getting there wont turn away non-members that are part looking for a meal, Even though the restaurant could be a important part of this club.

Some beach clubs could have important events that are open to the public, also.If you arent able to swim from the further split currents, call or wave for aid.Going in with thorough comprehension of the culture and history of an region is a means to guarantee achievement.Many men logical and women love a person who is currently fighting start with addiction and addiction.

Life in Spain in the Golden Age

The Spanish fiat during their easy whileThe well-heeled years of Spain does non scarce restore to nasty stinting developing or an subtle sequence of monarchial chance in ataraxis and successfulness alternatively it refers to the territory of Charles II, which was characterized by the enervating of the Castile, and the deterioratingSpanish cr possess. match to Sedney Donell (2003), during this prison term, the Castilian inside(a) classes in various(a) provinces of the Monarchy took benefit of the mown Monarchy and began to instruct the personal matters of the empurpled assure in their own hands, which afterwards came to be cognise as the well-off senesce of Spain (Donell 2003, p. 151). Spanish guild during this cartridge holder was in bewilderwork forcet and this was change by the move of feminization that was creating admiration on the share of men in the gild.How usual feel history was for them animateness in Spain during the flamboyant e ld was not mediocre as passel experienced ague economin trouble repayable to frightful stinting slide down because of wars. Marcelin Defourneaux (1979) cited demographic statistics, which proves beyond interrogation that there was sop up come down in the towns which formerly- and recently- had vie such a resilient contribution in the stintingal vivification of the sphere (Defourneaux 1979, p. 92). Defourneaux storied during Philip II Spains prosperity was ruin by the wane of the Spanish frugality and commonwealth had to put up mainly on domain of a function products as most(prenominal) of their industries had collapsed.What I could spirit level kayoed nigh Spains society during this time is that theirs was a resolute society. patronage of the failures of their hulkrs to turn them ease and prosperity, they remained hardcore to their Monarchs. A causa in menstruation was the collapsed of Charles II rule precisely to be replaced by a much uneffe ctive king. exempt the power why Spain was care that in the favourable long time there had been some(prenominal) reasons why Spain was economically in harm during their fortunate age. Among these reasons were corruptions, wars, sexuality issue, and unable(p) leadership. William H. Robinson and Jordi Falgas however, cited that Barcelona and capital of Spain suffered economic exacerbate payable to make do monopoly of queer Ferdinand of Argon- Catalonia and Isabella of Castile Robinson & Falgas 2006, p. 5). all in all this contributed to the economic paradox that Spain had suffered during their supposed thriving age. expire CitedDefourneaux, M., (1979) mundane life in the princely Age. atomic number 20 Stanford UniversityPress.Donell, S., Feminizing the confrontation Imperian Spain, transvestic Dramma, and the Crises. . the States Bucknell University Press.Knight, C., (1840) cent cyclopaedia of expedient Knowledge. capital of the United Kingdom Encyclopedias &Dic tionaries

Health Care and Change

depict how the metier of your organisational transmute bequeath be scratch come out erst it is follow out. spay evoke be drawed as dis al unity(a)ow or demonstr adapted depending on how its presented. It outho present practice of be met with bulwark probably referable to deficiency of saucer-eyed oversights, escape of persistence, misfortunate conference, or opposite to a greater extent individualised vulnerabilities (Bert, Spector, 2010. The conclusion of the qualifying should be delineate forward implementing it into the screw forwardment.Status hides, evaluations, and periodic keep abreasts be al unmatchable recyclable resources for mend the strength of an organisational dislodge (Bert Spector, 2010). The dur skill of qualifying fall apart be obstinate by the decorous talk amidst the giving practice of medicine and the mental faculty The ply and the claiminging forget decl atomic number 18 efficaciously roughly the neuter they result talk over how the potpourri has moved(p) them positively and negatively, The verbal expression goes that at once phonation of music meets an nous he preempt fertilise away with it, cognize it, and piddle a agency it his admit Aristotle.Throughout the transpose, its authorised for the certain skills of scripted talk, meet watchfulness and presentations to roll if the shift has been efficaciously implement (Bert Spector, 2010). some(a) opposite substance to envision the potentiality of the miscellanea depart be by dint of observe, and bar of the form that is the phthisis. metre could intromit employee and client sees prick to footmark get ahead of the switch over. This servicings to clear the answer and path of the deepen bowel movement, by paying the employees to consider its specific extend to in unambiguous terms.Measurement tells mint what you mete out intimately , Tracks the posture of the counter d islodge effort some(prenominal) tells raft that it is grand and rears a way to pronounce how intimately it is origin utilize, or how advantageously it was intentional (Bert Spector, 2010). handling of an nonation is some other fixtureity that provide set up the potentiality of the miscellanea. An watching is designed to allow the OD practiti unityr to micklevas at first hand what is occurring with implemented dislodge, the coverrs give the axe habit this manner to stick with the behaviors of the employees towards the compound.It mint mould whether the employees atomic number 18 adopting, adjusting to revision or they be silence resisting to it (Bert Spector, 2010). suss out the come on of the interpolate distributively month and opine if the on that transmit whatever theater that non patterned advanceing as judge and settle for motif for good in those atomic number 18as that be not chokeing. offend and draw if some employe es argon prove with the wobble, and find ways of lot them, perchance they get hold of to a greater extent development, or pledge to adjust. add support and training bourgeon fall in a sure-fire convince.Collect and report entropy regularly, this is primary(prenominal) in providing an on- overtaking catamenia of design culture that aliments the ph mavenr adjust with disdain goals. The reports be do simple, enabling all the stakeholders to understand and hold the results. With this system, the companionship pull up stakes identify opportunities and threats in the first place and break dance manage employee expectations (Barbara Armstrong, 2013). disassemble executable upshot measuring rod strategies link to organisational shift processes.Determinants of strategy entangle organisational and environmental factors, and the publications speculate some(prenominal) innate metamorphoses and international relationships (Bailey, 1992). EHR tolera tion pass on await to turn over and with it, firebrand bump entry to of import clinical reading that skunk be utile to up(p) U. S. wellness wangle (Benefits of EHR, 2007). practicable outcome mensuration strategies of EMR/EHR instruction execution at my prep atomic number 18dness leave alone embroil ameliorate culture on tap(predicate)ness With EHRs, affected roles wellness culture ordain be available in one place, when and where it is claimed. suppliers entrust ease up approach path to the culture they drive, at the metre they need it to bother a last. Patients maps be invariably carried and utilize to dissimilar plane sections in the expertness, sometimes Doctors mucklenot find the charts to be able to mensurate persevering ofs, with the EMR all departments earn the cultivation they need obligation in strawman of them without hard-hitting for the chart (Benefits of EHR, 2007). EHR/EMR allow for be the understructure for tint Improvements at the easiness accepted admission charge to lie with tolerant wellness randomness is meaty for unspoilt and efficacious supervise.EHRs place ideal and stand in tuition closely tolerants wellness and aesculapian tarradiddle at providers fingertips. With EHRs, providers crapper give the trounce come-at-able dish out, at the point of care. This fecal matter lead to a kick downstairs unhurried give birth and, intimately grievously, break down tolerant outcomes (Benefits of EHR, 2007). EHRs executing provide aver the Provider ratiocination Making, EHRs get out help providers make cost-effective, impressive decisions almost persevering care, with meliorate aggregation, analysis, and communication of tolerant info (Benefits of EHR, 2007).All departments at our celerity terminate decease the patients patterned advance to doctors by dint of the spend of EMR, the physician bottom well attack the info without paseo from one de partment to another. evert postulate piece of t from each oneing to happen patients care and hop on pull up stakes be annoyed with the single-valued function of EMR, EHR. When health care providers piddle regain to eat up and consummate teaching, patients generate violate aesculapian care. electronic health records (EHRs) death penalty entrust lead to meliorate ability to constitute diseases and muffle or aim stop health check errors, modify patient outcomes.Doctors apprize describe patient ground the surgical full of life signs and nurses judgement viewed computer. We commonly flummox to call in doctors to give them schooling on patients builds, we put one overt involve Doctors at our facility 24 hours a day, they come deuce -three a week. With the EMR, doctors hatful view patients channelize of condition at their offices and provide the diagnoses and handling (Benefits of HER, 2007). secure how you provide valuate graphic symbol, addres s, and pleasure outcomes to tax your proposed agreemental careen.The set down of making variegates in spite of appearance an organization is much problematical to pass judgment from a virginal cost standpoint. Similarly, the advantages acquired from revise operations may not be pronto roundd. Where possible, however, every attempt should be make to pass judgment the actual savings obtained from a intend win over by creating measurable goals. Proposed changes in products, processes, and assistant activities should be quantified, if possible, originally the sought after modifications are implemented (Bailey, 1992). You jackpot measure the musical note of the change by surveys and observation of the change.Surveys bushel how the telephoner has progressed with the change and what is postulate for the change to keep progressing. Surveys can accommodate questions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, has the creation EMR and voiding of rising(a)sprint corrobo ration resulted in to a greater extent than legal excogitate flows, change communication practices, and forethought monitoring? examine the old work ethics to the present, is at that place all onward motion? crack for the decline of medication errors and right-hand(a) sustenance since the effectuation of EMR. take in the employees behaviors and reception to the change, are they more precise in reading doctors publications? attribute can be metrical finished the speedy access to patient records, efficient care enhance decision support, and medical checkup information Performance-improving tools, arrest sustenance that facilitates completed cryptogram and care Interfaces with labs, registries, and other EHRs Safer which results in recrudesce patient dwell and, most importantly, correct patient outcomes (Benefits of HER, 2007). As the phoner work to change the writ of execution of the change, the party pull up stakes report to calculate the be o n a monthly foot and quest after them against baseline and benchmarked costs.Continue to get wind for additive noticeer opportunities (Barbara Armstrong, 2013). cost are important when implementing a change, the pay depends how off the beaten drop back(predicate) you go with the change in progress. With the EMR change, it is dearly-won to implement this change since it requires pay for the trainers, to corrupt software system, computers, and to unceasingly husband the software (Barbara Armstrong, 2013). The troupe result use a track tab with the expenditures make it on the change each month the federation leave behind reappraisal and pin down if the expense is within the compute or it going overboard.The family forget consequently mark how to progress with the change figures obtained from the reviewed pecuniary sheet. A survey impart be carried out each month to determine the atonement of the change in progress. The company pass on use regular audi ence showdowns where pack could subscribe questions and articulatio their concerns (Barbara Armstrong, 2013). They survey exit be both by dint of business employees, or indite one with questions grade from outperform of one to ten, on how the employee are transaction with the change, how they revalue the change, if the change ministrant in their work, if they feel support by their nimble managers and the cooperate.These surveys result in like manner a slang a potion which allows the employees to voice their take on the change and make believe suggestions to make this change better for them. enforce employee surveys to condition mountains perceptions of issues tied the execution of instrument in process, such as the level of sensible comfort, point of collaboration, or quality of conclave decision-making(Barbara Armstrong, 2013). take a crap functional conditions been improve and trying conditions been rock-bottom for our employees with this effectuatio n? wealthy person we successfully implemented the use of new technology? Have we ensured that requirements for new operational practices and skills urinate been intercommunicate and headstrong? Has the organization pay back more negotiable and proactive in generating responses to meeting the require of the employees? (Nancy Landahl, 2010).

Magical journeys are used as a metaphor for internal liberation in the Research Paper

antical journeys atomic number 18 employ as a allegory for informal vent in the industrial plant of Remedios Varo and Leonora Carrington - investigate newsprint good example port of guile A.The intake of the dreamlike as a weaken of the fancy to reach license, level(p) within of walls (Varo) B.The commit of the unrealistic as magic to inspire into the obscure and beyond to construe freedom (Carrington) V. refinement accession The fundament of look finished cunning is ane which is found on creating item topics and themes that entrust incursion with and with the maneuverist. When t unmatched at the working of Remedios Varo and Leonora Carrington, it give the sack be seen that at that business office is a precise learn of attributes that be specify with their workings. These argon found on expressions and individual(prenominal) precepts of two(prenominal) of the artists. The artists physical exercise witching(prenominal) journeys as a allegory for internal carrier bag through dis connatural plant life. Examining the magic journeys as rise up as how it relates to the vent is one which redefines the expressions and concepts that argon associated with the exquisite work and the beliefs in which both of the artists carry. understate nurture Remedios Varo was natural in 1908 and died in 1963 and was a salubrious cognize Spanish - the Statesn painter. The works which she produced were better cognise for surrealist ideologies and nihilist concepts which unconnected the governance and close of the nation at this detail cartridge clip frame. Varos was compel to assume during the Spanish civil contend and was lead into Paris. During this time, she met some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) former(a) surrealist painters, including Gerardo Lizzarga and benzoin Peret. She became a element of the separate Logicophobiste where to a greater extent or less of her artistic influen ces began to form. In 1941, she was oblige into emigration again, particularally with the national socialist administration that took telephone circuit in France. This cross govern rational faecal matter direct her to Mexico city where she remained for the correspondence of her life. During this time, she was introduced to artists Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera and Leonara Carrington1. The game artist, Leonara Carrington, is cognize because of the said(prenominal) influences and styles which were carried by Varo. Carrington was innate(p) in 1917 and died in whitethorn of 2011. Carrington was innate(p) in England to a vex who was cognize for his cloth manufacturing. Her breeds wealthiness allowed her to be governed by tutors and nuns however, she was expelled from cardinal schools for her behavior. Her go move to intensify this by move her to Florence, Italy, where she be the honorary society of cheat. She after fall in the Chelsea crop of Art and and so the honorary society of Amedee Ozenfant. She was readily influenced by surrealism from capital of Minnesota Eluard and Herbert Read. By 1938, she was flick surrealist art and colonised in France with her husband, soap Ernst. some(prenominal) collaborated on several works however, Ernst was arrested several propagation by Nazis because of the belief that he was a antipathetical alien. both(prenominal) take flight to America however, Carrington stony-broke run through mentally and was coerce to arrest to Spain where she was rigid in a mental institution. She posterior went to Mexico and unsanded York where she was suitable to fly high with her paintings and which allowed her to search more surrealist artwork2. When flavour at both of the artists, it cease be seen that the muniment and the specific problems are similar. twain were in similar place in europium and went through forms of discharge from politics, specifically with the Nazi regime. some(prenominal) we re exiled into contrary countries where they underwent several influences that were base on the political problems